Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CD44 Standard(HCAM/1097), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium EGFRvIII (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Variant III) (GFR/2600R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
EGFR is type I receptor tyrosine kinase with sequence homology to erbB-1, -2, -3 -4 or HER-1, -2, -3 -4. It binds to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Transforming Growth Factor-a (TGF-a), Heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), amphiregulin, betacellulin and epiregulin. EGFR is overexpressed in tumors of breast, brain, bladder, lung, gastric, head & neck, esophagus, cervix, vulva, ovary, and endometrium. It is predominantly present in squamous cell carcinomas.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Maltose Binding Protein / MBP-probe(R29.6), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Plasmid vectors for the expression of coding regions of eukaryotic genes in bacterial, insect and mammalian hosts are in common usage; such expression vectors frequently encode hybrid fusion proteins consisting in part of prokaryotic and in part, eukaryotic specified proteins. One such system utilizes maltose binding protein (MBP), the 370 amino acid product of the E. coli mal E gene. Plasmid vectors have been constructed utilizing the MBP domain that allow the synthesis of high levels of MBP-fusion proteins that can be Purified in a one step procedure by affinity chromatography crosslinked amylose resin. Once bound to amylose, the MBP protein can then be separated from the target protein by cleavage by coagulation factor Xa at a specific four residue site. Alternatively, the intact fusion protein can be specifically eluted from the resin by the addition of excess free maltose. Subsequent to elution, MBP fusion protein can be visualized either by western blot analysis or immu
Biotium p21WAF1 (Tumor Suppressor Protein)(CIP1/2489R), 1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. This MAb is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk's and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are
Biotium Cytochrome P450 3A1 / CYP3A1(P6), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytochrome P450 oxidase (commonly abbreviated CYP) is a generic term for a large number of related, but distinct, oxidative enzymes important in vertebrate physiology. The cytochrome P450 mixed-function monooxygenase system is probably the most important element of Phase I metabolism in mammals. P450s are membrane-bound, either in the inner membrane of mitochondria or in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells where they metabolise thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds. In the liver, these substrates include toxins, drugs, and other unneeded and potentially harmful molecules. Humans have 18 families of cytochrome P450 genes and 43 subfamilies; the CYP1 family is involved in drug metabolism and includes 3 subfamilies, 3 genes and 1 pseudogene. The CYP2 family are part of the microsomal drug metabolising system that is responsible for oxidation of many therapeutic agents as well as steroids, fatty acids and many other endogenous substances. Cytochrome P450 3A4 is abundantl
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing s Sarcoma Marker) (NX2/1523), 1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium DOG-1 / TMEM16A (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Marker)(DG1/2831R), 0.2mg/mL
Expression of DOG-1 protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST's), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. DOG-1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for DOG-1 has been reported in 97. 8 percent of scorable GIST's, including all c-kit negative GIST's. Overexpression of DOG-1 has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG1 and c-kit in GIST's is nearly identical: 94. 4% vs. 94. 7%. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium BARX1 (Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma)(BARX1/2759), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BarX1 is a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the Mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. Down-regulation of Barx1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) migration, invasion and metastasis, whereas up-regulation of Barx1 inhibits HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The loss of Barx1 expression represents a prognostic biomarker in human HCC. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase)(GM022), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with a 70 kDa membrane-bound isozyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. It is highly specific for PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. Anti-PLAP reacts with germ cell tumors and can discriminate between these and other neoplasms. Somatic neoplasms e.g. breast, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and urinary cancers may also immunoreact with antibodies to PLAP. Anti-PLAP positivity in conjunction with anti-keratin negativity favors seminoma over carcinoma. Germ cell tumors are usually anti-keratin positive, but they regularly fail to stain with anti-EMA, whereas most carcinomas stain with anti-EMA. Anti-PLAP has been useful in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note
Biotium NSE gamma (Neuron Specific Enolase, gamma) (Neuroendocrine Marker) (ENO2/1375), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of about 50 kDa, which is identified as gamma-enolase. Three isoenzymes of enolases are identified, alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha-isoform is expressed in most tissues, whereas beta-form is expressed predominantly in muscle tissue whereas gamma-enolase is found only in nervous tissue. These isoforms exist as both homodimers and heterodimers, and they play a role in converting phosphoglyceric acid to phosphenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. NSE-gamma is a useful marker to identify peripheral nerves and tumors of neuro-endocrine origins, such as pheochromocytomas. It it be usually employed in combination with other markers such as Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A, and Neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecti
Biotium Cytokeratin 16 (KRT16) (Suprabasal Keratinocyte Marker)(LL025), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filament proteins that assemble into filaments through forming heterodimers of one type I Cytokeratins (Cytokeratins 9 to 23) and one type II Cytokeratins (keratins 1 to 8). The cytokeratin proteins play a critical role in differentiation, as well as tissue specialization and function, to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins are also useful markers in identifying the origin of metastatic tumors. Cytokeratin 16 is expressed in benign stratified squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as well as luminal cells of mammary gland and sweat ducts. It is absent in non-invasive breast carcinomas and normal breast tissue. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for dete
Biotium Drebrin 1 (DBN1)(DBN1/2879), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Drebrins (developmentally regulated brain proteins) are cytoplasmic proteins that bind F-actin in the brain and are involved in cell migration, extension of neuronal processes and plasticity of dendrites. There are three isoforms: two embryonic types (E1 and E2); and an adult type (A), generated by alternative RNA splicing from a single Drebrin gene. Drebrins are expressed mainly in brain neurons but are also found in skeletal muscle, heart, placenta, pancreas and kidney. Drebrin has been designated as a marker of the dendritic spine. Decreases in Drebrin levels in the brain have been been associated with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium ARF1 (Golgi Apparatus Marker)(1A9/5), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family comprises a group of structurally and functionally conserved proteins, which are members of the Ras superfamily of regulatory GTP-binding proteins. The ARF family is divided functionally into the ARF and the ARF-like proteins. ARF's share more than 60% sequence identity, appear to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and are highly conserved evolutionarily. ARF is involved in intracellular protein traffic to and within the Golgi complex. ARF has a number of disparate activities including maintenance of organelle integrity, assembly of coat proteins, as a co-factor for cholera toxin and as an activator of phospholipase D. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescenc
Biotium ROR-gamma / RORC (RAR-related Orphan Receptor C)(RORC/2942), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 63 kDa, identified as ROR-C. Its epitope maps in between aa1-50. The nuclear orphan receptors ROR and ROR are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Members of this family act by directly associating with DNA sequences known as hormone response elements (HREs) and typically bind DNA as either homo- or heterodimers. RORalpha and RORgamma are unique in that they bind DNA as monomers. RORalpha has multiple isoforms that share common DNA and putative ligand-binding domains, but differ in their amino terminal domains, which are generated by alternative RNA processing. RORgamma comprises a 560 amino acid protein that shares 50% amino acid identity with RORalpha and is most highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Although these proteins are considered orphan receptors, due to a lack of defined ligands, experimental evidence has shown that melatonin may be the natural ligand for these nuclear receptors. Primary antibodies are available puri